Description
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Expression
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Biological Properties
Transcriptome - SMDBT013665 ( PLA2G2A )
Description
- IDSMDBT013665
- Gene SymbolPLA2G2A
- Namephospholipase A2 group IIA
- OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
- Gene SynonymsMOM1; PLA2; PLA2B; PLA2L; PLA2S; PLAS1; sPLA2
- ChromosomeGRCh38 chr1:19975435-19980434; hg19 chr1:20301928-20306927
- Gene Sequence
AGTGTCAGCCCGAAGGCTGAAGGAAAAAGAGCAACAGATCCAGGGAGCATTCACCTGCCCTGTCTCCAAACAGAGGGAGCAGCTATTTAAGGGGAGCAGGAGTGCAGAACAAACAAGACGGCCTGGGGATACAACTCTGGAGTCCTCTGAGAGAGCCACCAAGGAGGAGCAGGGGAGCGACGGCCGGGGC Show more...
Expression
- Expression in
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Biological Properties
- General FunctionSecretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids with implications in host antimicrobial defense, inflammatory response and tissue regeneration (PubMed:10455175, PubMed:10681567, PubMed:2925633). Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity) with preference for phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylcholines (PubMed:10455175, PubMed:10681567). Contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. Displays bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolyzing phospholipids of the bacterial membrane (PubMed:11694541, PubMed:10358193). Upon sterile inflammation, targets membrane phospholipids of extracellular mitochondria released from activated platelets, generating free unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonate that is used by neighboring leukocytes to synthesize inflammatory eicosanoids such as leukotrienes. Simultaneously, by compromising mitochondrial membrane integrity, promotes the release in circulation of potent damage-associated molecular pattern molecules that activate the innate immune response (PubMed:25082876). Plays a stem cell regulator role in the intestinal crypt. Within intracellular compartment mediates Paneth cell differentiation and its stem cell supporting functions by inhibiting Wnt signaling pathway in intestinal stem cell (ICS). Secreted in the intestinal lumen upon inflammation, acts in an autocrine way and promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis that stimulates Wnt signaling pathway in ICS cells and tissue regeneration (By similarity). May play a role in the biosynthesis of N-acyl ethanolamines that regulate energy metabolism and inflammation. Hydrolyzes N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines to N-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamines, which are further cleaved by a lysophospholipase D to release N-acyl ethanolamines (PubMed:14998370). Independent of its catalytic activity, acts as a ligand for integrins (PubMed:18635536, PubMed:25398877). Binds to and activates integrins ITGAV:ITGB3, ITGA4:ITGB1 and ITGA5:ITGB1 (PubMed:18635536, PubMed:25398877). Binds to a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1 (PubMed:25398877). Induces cell proliferation in an integrin-dependent manner (PubMed:18635536). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P31482, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10358193, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10455175, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10681567, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11694541, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14998370, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25082876, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2925633}.
- GO – Biological Processarachidonic acid secretion [GO:0050482]; cytolysis [GO:0019835]; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium [GO:0050830]; inflammatory response [GO:0006954]; intestinal stem cell homeostasis [GO:0036335]; lipid catabolic process [GO:0016042]; low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling [GO:0034374]; phosphatidic acid metabolic process [GO:0046473]; phosphatidylcholine metabolic process [GO:0046470]; phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process [GO:0046337]; phospholipid metabolic process [GO:0006644]; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade [GO:0070374]; positive regulation of inflammatory response [GO:0050729]; positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation [GO:0010744]; regulation of neutrophil activation [GO:1902563]
- GO – Cellular Componentendoplasmic reticulum [GO:0005783]; endoplasmic reticulum membrane [GO:0005789]; extracellular exosome [GO:0070062]; extracellular region [GO:0005576]; extracellular space [GO:0005615]; mitochondrial outer membrane [GO:0005741]; perinuclear region of cytoplasm [GO:0048471]; plasma membrane [GO:0005886]; secretory granule [GO:0030141]
- GO – Molecular Functioncalcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity [GO:0047498]; calcium ion binding [GO:0005509]; phospholipase A2 activity [GO:0004623]; phospholipid binding [GO:0005543]