| Pharmaceutical Information |
| Drug Name |
Metformin hydrochloride |
| Drug ID |
BADD_D01402 |
| Description |
Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent of the _biguanide_ class, used for the management of type II diabetes) [FDA label]. Currently, metformin is the first drug of choice for the management of type II diabetes and is prescribed to at least 120 million people worldwide [A176173].
Metformin is considered an antihyperglycemic drug because it lowers blood glucose concentrations in type II diabetes without causing hypoglycemia. Metformin is commonly described as an _insulin sensitizer_ leading to a decrease in insulin resistance and a clinically significant reduction of plasma fasting insulin levels [A176173]. Another well-known benefit of this drug is modest weight loss. Metformin is the drug of choice for obese type II diabetes patients [A36559].
Metformin was first approved in Canada in 1972 [A36552], followed by 1995 in the USA [FDA label]. This drug is available in regular and extended-release forms [FDA label]. |
| Indications and Usage |
**Metformin tablet**
Metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to increase glycemic control in _adults and pediatric patients_ 10 years of age and older diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.[FDA label]
**Metformin extended-release tablet (XR)**
The extended-release form is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in only _adults_ with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Safety in children has not been determined to this date.[FDA label]
An extended-release combination product containing empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin was approved by the FDA in January 2020 for the improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus when used adjunctively with diet and exercise.[L11479] |
| Marketing Status |
approved |
| ATC Code |
A10BA02 |
| DrugBank ID |
DB00331
|
| KEGG ID |
D00944
|
| MeSH ID |
D008687
|
| PubChem ID |
14219
|
| TTD Drug ID |
D0D7LA
|
| NDC Product Code |
42385-502; 57451-1149; 62991-3049; 64374-003; 24658-790; 24658-791; 24724-015; 29033-032; 43063-898; 43353-114; 43353-128; 47335-305; 51655-566; 52817-822; 57664-474; 60429-111; 60687-143; 62207-496; 62756-143; 65841-029; 65841-810; 67877-159; 68180-337; 68788-7803; 70010-496; 71335-0140; 71335-0776; 71335-1835; 71610-578; 71709-112; 72189-219; 0904-7162; 57451-1140; 62207-931; 62207-951; 65862-291; 65862-292; 17224-322; 29300-389; 51655-853; 61919-313; 61919-397; 62207-497; 63187-102; 63629-8166; 63629-8502; 65162-220; 68462-521; 69367-181; 70518-0372; 70518-0512; 70518-0844; 70518-0927; 70518-3101; 70518-3611; 71205-555; 71205-622; 0591-2719; 71335-9683; 71610-212; 72789-059; 0904-7163; 66064-1100; 24724-016; 24979-146; 25000-134; 27241-188; 33342-143; 42291-498; 43063-902; 43353-987; 43547-504; 47335-306; 50090-0771; 51224-107; 51655-649; 53746-219; 57664-397; 60760-523; 63187-239; 65841-027; 65862-010; 67296-0712; 67877-414; 68382-759; 68645-545; 68788-7867; 70518-0071; 70518-1766; 70934-945; 71205-186; 71205-783; 71205-859; 71205-882; 71205-883; 71335-0250; 71335-1606; 71335-1785; 71335-1833; 71709-110; 72189-064; 72578-036; 60429-113; 63187-101; 63187-332; 65841-811; 66689-318; 68071-2316; 68071-2636; 68071-2829; 68788-8225; 68788-9390; 70010-064; 70518-2480; 70518-3200; 70882-125; 71205-686; 71205-860; 71335-1303; 71610-020; 71610-447; 71610-457; 71610-554; 72189-150; 72189-220; 62147-0100; 65862-008; 65862-220; 72366-000; 24658-792; 27241-189; 29033-056; 29300-399; 42385-949; 42806-213; 43547-503; 45865-517; 50268-550; 51224-020; 51224-120; 52817-821; 55154-4172; 60429-112; 62135-682; 62135-684; 62756-142; 63629-9147; 0378-7186; 65841-809; 65862-009; 67877-217; 67877-413; 68012-003; 68180-338; 68645-300; 68645-584; 68788-8430; 69367-182; 70010-497; 70518-3599; 71093-132; 71205-142; 71205-784; 71205-884; 0591-2411; 0591-2412; 71335-1821; 71335-9752; 71610-587; 71610-666; 71610-672; 0615-7982; 76385-129; 62147-0099; 62147-0102; 10631-206; 70010-065; 23155-841; 23155-843; 25000-101; 25000-132; 27241-240; 33342-142; 42385-948; 42571-360; 42806-633; 43063-889; 50090-6485; 52817-820; 53746-220; 55700-734; 59630-574; 60687-640; 60760-100; 61919-990; 63629-9146; 65162-218; 65162-219; 0378-7185; 68645-544; 68788-7204; 68788-7901; 68788-8110; 68788-9121; 70010-063; 70518-0396; 70518-3212; 70934-788; 71093-134; 71205-141; 71335-0886; 71335-0889; 72578-035; 72789-105; 72789-106; 75834-500; 17404-1028; 62147-0197; 42291-497; 42806-215; 42806-221; 42806-314; 50090-5246; 50090-6508; 51224-007; 57664-435; 60687-155; 60760-497; 68012-004; 68180-336; 68382-758; 68645-547; 68682-018; 69238-2126; 70518-3260; 71335-0293; 71335-1834; 17404-0012; 32995-5421; 38779-2126; 62207-012; 23155-842; 27241-241; 42571-333; 42806-315; 43353-082; 43353-982; 49483-624; 50090-5396; 53746-218; 55700-736; 60760-975; 61919-769; 63187-779; 63629-8504; 65162-178; 67877-218; 68645-583; 68788-7205; 68788-9122; 69367-180; 70518-0355; 70518-1149; 70518-1606; 71093-133; 71335-0085; 71335-1288; 71335-1289; 71610-441; 71610-652; 72189-221; 76385-128; 17337-0026; 0904-7164; 62350-0058; 63155-1029; 17224-311; 29033-031; 29033-055; 42571-334; 50228-106; 51224-220; 60687-162; 60760-973; 62135-683; 63187-238; 63629-8501; 0378-7187; 65841-028; 65841-030; 65841-039; 67296-0700; 67296-1527; 68012-002; 68382-760; 68645-582; 68682-021; 68788-7889; 68788-8083; 70518-2709 |
| UNII |
786Z46389E
|
| Synonyms |
Metformin | Dimethylbiguanidine | Dimethylguanylguanidine | Glucophage | Metformin Hydrochloride | Hydrochloride, Metformin | Metformin HCl | HCl, Metformin |
|
| Chemical Information |
| Molecular Formula |
C4H12ClN5 |
| CAS Registry Number |
1115-70-4 |
| SMILES |
CN(C)C(=N)N=C(N)N.Cl |
| Chemical Structure |
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| ADRs Induced by Drug |
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